Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a case report

Abstract

This article aims to analyse the nursing approach to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in adults, through the presentation of a case report, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive assessment and a care plan tailored to the patient’s needs. We present the case of a 22-year-old man, adopted from Ukraine at 21 months of age, with a previous diagnosis of mild intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who has recently been diagnosed with FASD. The patient shows difficulties in planning, self-care, emotional regulation and social interaction, with episodes of impulsive and naive behaviour that affect his adaptation to the environment. The nursing assessment was carried out using Marjory Gordon’s functional health patterns, identifying as the main diagnoses: Obesity [00232], Insomnia [00095], Bathing self-care deficit [00108], Unstable emotional control [00251] and Ineffective health self-management [00276]. An individualized care plan was designed, including interventions focused on health education, training in adaptive skills and psycho-emotional support, with the aim of improving the patient’s autonomy and social integration. The therapeutic approach focused on emotional regulation strategies, the development of adaptive skills and the promotion of healthy habits. A favourable evolution was observed in adherence to the proposed activities and an improvement in emotional regulation. However, difficulties persist in decision-making and social judgement, which underlines the importance of continued follow-up and a structured support environment.