Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults

Abstract

One of the greatest difficulties professionals face is the lack of time to access information and stay up to date with advances in care, clinical-therapeutic approaches, and research lines, as well as the findings derived from biomedical research. This limitation becomes particularly relevant in the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults—a field that has garnered growing interest in recent decades, yet still poses significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and comprehensive understanding.

Traditionally regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder exclusive to childhood, it is now recognized that ADHD can persist into adulthood in a significant percentage of cases, manifesting through symptoms that impact daily life, occupational functioning, social relationships, and overall mental health. Nevertheless, underdiagnosis in adults remains frequent, partly due to the disorder's clinical variability, its overlap with other psychiatric conditions, and the limited specific training of professionals in this area.

In this context, reviewing and synthesizing the most recent scientific evidence addressing ADHD in the adult population from a multidimensional perspective is essential. This literature review aims to identify the main findings regarding its diagnosis, comorbidity, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, as well as the social and environmental determinants influencing its progression. In addition, it explores the clinical implications and the challenges facing the healthcare system in delivering timely and effective care to this population.

Updating and disseminating knowledge about adult ADHD is a priority for mental health professionals, who must be prepared to address the needs of a patient group that has been historically invisible and frequently misunderstood.